Expertise in decision-making for large infrastructure projects: from UK trunk roads to High Speed Rail 2

At the decision-making stage, a large-scale infrastructure project is essentially a broad concept, and this means the expert analyses will differ from each other and become contested over time, leading to the emergence of rival narratives. It is only where there is a limited range of expert analyses that the bases for decision-making will remain relatively clear-cut. Over time the contested nature of expertise can significantly inhibit the construction of effective narratives, either for or against the project, and also make decision-making more complex and problematic. Decision makers may also seek greater clarification through the construction of narratives that rise above these disputed areas of expertise, and the scientific evidence becomes less important. This paper examines the changing nature of contested expertise through a comparative analysis of political decision-making between UK trunk roads policy and the case of High Speed Rail 2, through the framework of epistemic communities.     

国家康居工程给排水及消防设计若干问题探讨

该文介绍了国家康居工程福建晋江兰峰城市花园的给排水及消防工程的设计。针对康居工程的特点和要求,设计中采用分区供水方式、污废水分流、中水回收利用,区域消防系统集中设置屋顶水箱及消防泵房,并采用节水、环保的新产品、新设备,体现绿色、环保、节能的康居住宅的设计理念。     

居住区空间模式与道路规划设计

针对目前中国大量采用大规模封闭式居住区空间模式,以及有些城市由于交通拥堵而进行的道路"私"改"公"现象,分析了居住区空间模式的发展过程及当前存在的问题.借鉴国外的发展趋势与经验,给出了适合中国情况的居住区空间模式及相应的道路规划设计原则,提出了基于道路交通的居住区多层次空间模式规划设计方法,并从空间规模、行车速度与交通...     

Path flow estimator for planning applications in small communities

This paper presents an alternative planning framework to model and forecast network traffic for planning applications in small communities, where limited resources debilitate the development and applications of the conventional four-step travel demand forecasting model. The core idea is to use the Path Flow Estimator (PFE) to estimate current and forecast future traffic demand while taking into account of various field and planning data as modeling constraints. Specifically, two versions of PFE are developed: a base year PFE for estimating the current network traffic conditions using field data and planning data, if available, and a future year PFE for predicting future network traffic conditions using forecast planning data and the estimated base year origin–destination trip table as constraints. In the absence of travel survey data, the proposed method uses similar data (traffic counts and land use data) as a four-step model for model development and calibration. Since the Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) trip generation rates and Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) are both utilized in the modeling process, the analysis scope and results are consistent with those of common traffic impact studies and other short-range, localized transportation improvement programs. Solution algorithms are also developed to solve the two PFE models and integrated into a GIS-based software called Visual PFE. For proof of concept, two case studies in northern California are performed to demonstrate how the tool can be used in practice. The first case study is a small community of St. Helena, where the city’s planning department has neither an existing travel demand model nor the budget for developing a full four-step model. The second case study is in the city of Eureka, where there is a four-step model developed for the Humboldt County that can be used for comparison. The results show that the proposed approach is applicable for small communities with limited resources.     

Biochemical composition of marine sediment from the eastern Weddell Sea (Antarctica): High nutritive value in a high benthic-biomass environment

Within the SCAR's international EASIZ programme, as part of the benthic–pelagic coupling experiment, grain size and organic matter contents in marine surface sediment were measured. Samples were taken during the austral autumn of 2000 from 3 regions in the eastern Weddell Sea: Kapp Norvegia, Four Seasons Bank, and Austasen.In general, sediments were fine sand with a grain size fraction < 200 μm representing more than 40% of the total weight. The sediments from Four Seasons Bank (64 to 107 m depth) were coarser than those from Austasen and Kapp Norvegia (209 to 480 m depth), presumably due to winnowing of fine sediment at shallow depths. Organic carbon (OC) content ranged from 0.25% to 1.2% and constituted 10% to 97% of the total carbon. The samples from Kapp Norvegia presented the highest OC values. Overall, protein (PRT), lipid (LPD), and carbohydrate (CHO) contents were similar to those in sediment from cold regions (e.g., the North Atlantic and the Ross Sea) but higher than those in sediment from other Antarctic and more septentrional regions (e.g., the Ross Sea and the Mediterranean). The difference within the Antarctic is explained through the local conditions in Terra Nova Bay and Kapp Norvegia. In the Antarctic, PRT and LPD carbon were the main contributors to the biopolymeric carbon (BPC). In the eastern Weddell Sea shelf, the BPC accounted for more than 90% of the OC in most of the samples. More than 82% of the total PRT, LPD, and CHO were present in the fraction < 200 μm. This work remarks the existence of sediments with a high nutritional value persistent several weeks after the spring–summer pulse of fresh organic matter. It is also highlighted the high potential availability of these sediments (due to its grain size) for the benthic communities inhabiting this high-latitude continental shelf.     

老旧居住区改造设计浅谈

"老旧居住区改造",就是对功能、设施已经严重落后的住宅小区进行翻新,以及对所在区域进行改造,使居住质量得到提高、价值得以提升的一种城市建设活动。"老旧居住区改造"决不是简单地对旧建筑进行加固翻新,而是要给老旧居住区实行一次大型的"外科手术",使其成为一个能够提供高品质生活的、与时代脉搏共振的新型社区。该文通过对和平小区改造工程设计的简要描述,提出了新时期老旧小区改造的思路和方向,对类似老旧居住区的改造有一定借鉴作用。     

既有铁路沿线拟建居民小区噪声治理措施设计的几种思路

为缓解既有铁路可能对沿线拟建居民小区产生的噪声影响,该文提出了绿化带降噪、声屏障＋绿化带降噪和商铺房屋＋声屏障降噪三种方案,从噪声治理措施的位置、形式、效果及投资进行多方案分析比较,得出环境效益和经济效益最佳的方案,可减少铁路的噪声影响,提高拟建居住小区的居住品质.     

可持续发展原则与生态住区

生态住区建设是我国房地产开发的新趋向,也是住区建设可持续发展的战略要求.笔者在对生态住区概念的一般性释义的基础上,提出生态住区应当是自然生态、社会文化生态、经济生态的综合体现的观点.并就现实条件下生态住区的建设提出了具有可操作性的一些建议.     

第34届海洋、离岸及极地工程国际会议(英文)

正St.John's,Newfoundland,Canada,May 31-June 5,2015 OMAE2015 is the ideal forum for researchers,engineers,managers,technicians and students from the scientific and industrial communities from around the world to: meet and present advances in technology and its scientific support;     

基于多层次灰色评价方法的绿色住宅结构设计评价研究

为解决绿色住宅结构设计中结构环境性能的改善以及其他与结构系统有关的环境问题,在对我国绿色住宅的结构设计评估体系进行研究的基础上,初步提出绿色住宅结构设计评价体系,通过运用多层次灰色评价方法分析、计算绿色住宅结构设计方案的综合评价得分,从而评价其所属等级,并通过实例验证了该方法的实用性和科学性.